The “right to repair” has become a growing national conversation, centered on the idea that consumers should have access to the tools, parts, software, and information needed to repair or maintain the products they own. Over the last eight years, right-to-repair legislation has been introduced in every state in the United States. While there is currently no federal law explicitly enshrining this right, momentum is building in state legislatures. In 2025, over 40 bills in at least 20 states have been proposed or passed, targeting a wide array of industries, including consumer electronics and agricultural machinery, with right-to-repair legislation. Supporters argue that these laws reduce electronic waste, support small businesses, and empower consumers. Meanwhile, opponents raise concerns about intellectual property, safety, and unauthorized modifications. Below is a roundup of recent state-level legislative activity related to right-to-repair legislation.

---

Delaware Bill Proposes Agricultural Equipment Right to Repair Protections

Delaware House Bill 176, the Delaware Agricultural Equipment Right to Repair Act, introduced on May 21, 2025, would ensure farmers and independent repair technicians have access to the same service tools, manuals, and replacement parts as manufacturer-authorized providers. It would prohibit software-based restrictions, such as parts pairing and required authorization, that can limit independent repair, and require manufacturers to provide physical documentation at cost. The Delaware Attorney General would enforce the bill under the state’s consumer protection laws, which include carve-outs to protect trade secrets and safety standards.

---

New Jersey Targets Agricultural Equipment in Right-to-Repair Push

New Jersey Senate Bill 3322 and Assembly Bill 3809 aim to expand access to repairs for farm and outdoor equipment, including lawn mowers. The bills would require manufacturers to provide independent technicians and consumers with diagnostic tools, service manuals, and software updates on fair and reasonable terms. It would prohibit anti-competitive practices, such as proprietary software restrictions, and require pricing parity between independent and authorized providers. Violations would result in civil penalties of up to $500 per instance.

Neither bill advanced past its respective committees of origin.

---

North Carolina Introduces Right-to-Repair Bills for Electronics and Medical Devices

During the 2025 legislative session, North Carolina lawmakers introduced two bills aimed at improving access to repairs for consumer electronics and medical devices. However, the House had yet to advance either of the bills.

House Bill 938, the Right to Repair Digital Electronics Act, requires manufacturers to provide independent repair providers with access to tools, parts, firmware updates, and manuals. It includes a 30-day “right to cure” provision and safeguards for trade secrets. If passed, it would take effect on October 1, 2025.

House Bill 460, the Medical Equipment Right to Repair Act, would apply similar requirements to imaging and radiation therapy devices used in medical settings. It bars OEMs from imposing account registration or other barriers and mandates equal access to training and resources. The bill would take effect on July 1, 2025.

---

Ohio’s Digital Fair Repair Act Seeks Balance Between Consumer Rights and Industry Exemptions

Ohio’s Senate Bill 176 and House Bill 301, identical proposals known as the Digital Fair Repair Act, would require manufacturers to provide access to diagnostic tools, replacement parts, and documentation for digital products costing over ten dollars. The bills would prohibit parts pairing and similar practices that reduce functionality after third-party repairs have been made.

However, the legislation would include broad exemptions, excluding motor vehicles, medical devices, telecom equipment, and agricultural machinery. It would also not require disclosure of trade secrets or override of security settings. Enforcement would be handled through Ohio’s consumer protection laws, with remedies available to both the Attorney General and individual consumers. If passed, the law would take effect 120 days after enactment. Neither bill had yet advanced.

---

Pennsylvania Right-to-Repair Act Proposes Greater Access for Consumers and Independent Technicians

Pennsylvania’s House Bill 1512, which passed the House Commerce Committee on June 12, 2025, would create comprehensive right-to-repair legislation requiring OEMs to make repair tools, documentation, and parts available to owners and independent technicians under fair and reasonable terms. It would prevent the use of software barriers, such as parts pairing, unless necessary for safety or compliance, and cover products sold since July 1, 2021.

The bill would exempt specific categories, including medical devices, motor vehicles, agricultural equipment, video game consoles, and emergency systems. Enforcement would be led by the Pennsylvania Attorney General, with civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation. If enacted, HB 1512 would be one of the state’s most substantial policy efforts in support of consumer repair rights and sustainability.

---

Washington Enacts Right-to-Repair Law for Digital Electronics

On May 19, 2025, Washington Governor Bob Ferguson signed into law House Bill 1483, making Washington one of the few states with an active right-to-repair law. The Right to Repair Act requires manufacturers of consumer electronics, such as laptops, cell phones, and home appliances, to provide independent technicians and product owners with tools, parts, and repair documentation.

The law will apply to devices sold or used in Washington since July 1, 2021. It will prohibit software practices, such as parts pairing, that restrict functionality after non-OEM parts are installed. It will also include privacy safeguards, requiring repair providers to inform customers of how their data is protected. The law will take effect January 1, 2026, and enforcement will be handled solely by the state Attorney General under the Consumer Protection Act.

---